欧佩克石油政策演变规律及发展趋势

Evolution law and development trend for the oil policy of OPEC

欧佩克(OPEC)是一个具有卡特尔特征的国际组织,对其成员国的石油政策进行协调和统一,欧佩克石油政策对世界石油市场的影响很大。本文依据历史及现状资料,对欧佩克石油政策的演变规律进行了研究。欧佩克根据国际石油市场变化等情况,通过油价和生产配额制度,实施符合自身经济及政治利益的石油政策。欧佩克石油政策大体经历了启动期、活跃期、挫折期、成熟期和彷徨期5个阶段,各阶段所实施的石油政策各异,均取得成效。提出新时期欧佩克石油政策五大转变:"刚性"向"柔性"转变,单一向多元转变,竞争向合作转变,高油价向合理油价转变,成员国间石油政策存在分歧向协调一致转变。欧佩克未来的石油政策将更趋于理性和合理。

OPEC is an international organization with the cartel characteristic,which coordinates and u-nifies the oil policies of its 13members.The oil policy of OPEC has a great effect on the world oil market. According to the data of history and present condition,the evolution law for the oil policy of OPEC has been studied in this paper.Some conclusions have been gotten from the writer‘s research.First,According to the changing situations of the international oil market,the oil policy in its economic and political interests has been carried out by OPEC by means of oil price system and production allocation regulation.Second,formulation and implementation of the oil policy has passed the initiation period,active period,frustration period,mature period and wandering period.Different policies have been carried out in every period with noticeable results.Third,5aspects of oil policy transition are put forward in this paper,the transition from rigidity to flexibility,from singleness to diversification,from competition to collaboration,from high oil price to reasonable price,from disagreement for oil policy among the members of OPEC to coordination. The oil policy of OPEC will be reasonable and rational in the future,which benefits both the production countries and the consumer ones.