全球气候变化背景下国际水电发展态势

Development Trend of International Hydropower in the Background of Global Climate Change

全球气候变化已引起世界各国的重视,为应对全球气候变化、实现温室气体减排承诺,优先发展水电已成为国际共识。世界银行、亚洲开发银行等国际金融机构重新加大了对水电投资的力度,美国等发达国家也重新审视水电作用。由于经济发展水平、水能资源以及开发程度的不同,当前世界各国水电发展呈现不同的态势。美国等发达国家水电发展已基本饱和,其进一步发展主要体现为小水电开发、现有水电改造增容、水力发电新技术革新及工程示范。加拿大及少数欧洲发达国家水电开发潜力较大,大、中、小型水电处于积极发展阶段。而拉美、亚洲和非洲的部分发展中国家,如巴西、印度,其水电开发潜力巨大而开发程度较低,大、中、小型水电均处在迅速发展阶段。环保是影响水电可持续发展的重要因素,在全球气候变化的背景下,各国在水电开发的同时也更应该关注环境保护。我国应当继续实施水电优先战略,并积极借鉴国际先进经验,继续加强生态环境保护、加强保障移民权益、完善水电管理体制等,以促进水电可持续发展。

Global climate change caused all over the world＇s great attention increasingly.In order to face the challenge of global climate change,to achieve the commitment of reducing greenhouse gas emission,the prior development of hydropower became international common understanding.Therefore,the World Band,Asian Development Bank,et al.,increased lending for hydropower renewedly in order to promote the development of hydropower.And developed countries such as America paid more attention to hydwpower development again.However,because of the differences of economic development level,hydro resources,and exploitation degrees,the development trends of hydropower were different in different countries.Because hydropower development in developed countries such as America had already been widely exploited,new hydropower strategies included exploitation of small hydropower,reforming and increasing capacity of existing hydropower,hydropower tech renovation and project demonstration.In Canada and a few European countries,the potential of hydropower was comparatively huge,and large,medium,small hydropower were in the state of positive developing.Currently,the potential of global hydropower resources exploitation mainly centered around developing countries in Latin America,Asia,Africa,where the potential of hydropower development was more huge and its speed grew more fast.As we all known,environmental protection is one of the limiting factors for hydropower sustainable development,every country should pay more attention to environment protection at the time of exploitation hydropower in the background of global climate change.In order to promote hydropower sustainable development our country should carry on hydropower prior strategy,learn international advanced experiences,strengthen environment protection,and ensure immigrants＇ rights,improve the management system of hydropower.