矿产资源领域国际科技发展态势分析

Analysis of International Science and Technology Development in the Area of Mineral Resources

矿产资源作为人类社会经济发展的重要依赖和支撑,在当前经济发展对其需求激增同已探明矿产资源日益减少的矛盾加剧的形势下,其战略意义愈发凸显。本文基于ISIWoK论文数据库(SCI-E/SSCI)和Derwent专利数据库(DII),利用TDA、Aureka和UCINET等分析工具对2000年-2008年间矿产资源领域研究及专利文献进行分析,系统揭示近10年以来矿产资源领域科学研究与技术的发展态势、关注热点及其分布格局。结果显示,矿产资源领域科学研究与技术研发活动主要集中于矿产资源大国和传统技术强国;科学研究主体主要为国立研究机构和大学,而技术研发则集中于公共研究机构和企业;科学研究主要关注矿石采选方法及工艺、尾矿处理、矿床地球化学及矿物学分析以及矿山环境保护等方向;技术研发集中面向开采、掘进及井下基础工程技术、计算机控制、测量以及检测与探测技术;科学研究和技术研发整体呈现先进技术和方法研究及开发不断拓展,应用范围持续扩大的态势。整体来看,我国在矿产资源领域的科学研究与技术研发均较为活跃,科学技术产出持续增长,发展潜力巨大。

As a basis of social and economic development,the strategic significance of mineral resources is increasingly apparent in the context of the contradiction between growing demand and limited supply.Meanwhile,the competition for advanced technology of sustainable development of mineral resources is becoming increasingly fierce.The transformation of the way of mineral resources development and utilization and technology improvement are critical to China＇s economic growth in the future.Aiming to reveal the development status,focus,and distribution of research and development（R＆D）during the period 2000-2008,analysis of research and patent literature（data from the SCI-E/SSCI and Derwent Innovations Index,（DII））is carried out using tools such as Thomson Data Analyzer（TDA）,Aureka,and UCINET.Results showed that R＆D activities in mineral resources are mainly from countries rich in resources（e.g.,the United State, Russia,China,Canada,Australia,and South Africa）and developed countries（e.g.,the United State,Japan,Germany,France,and South Korea）.In addition,academic research bodies primarily consist of government research agencies（e.g.,the Russia Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,the United States Geological Survey,Spanish National Research Council,and Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization）and universities（e.g.,China University of Mining and Technology,China University of Geosciences,the University of British Columbia,and the University of the Witwatersrand）.Technological development is overwhelmingly dominated by public research institutions（e.g.,AS SIBE Mining Inst.and St Petersburg Plekhanov Mining Inst.）and corporations（e.g.,Caterpillar Inc.,DBT Inc.,Hitachi Construction Machinery Co.,Ltd.,and KOMATSU SEISAKUSHO KK）.Scientific research focuses on methods and techniques of mining and ore-processing,tailing deposal,geochemistry, mineralogy of mineral deposit,and mine environment protection,while technological development primarily concentrates on technologies of mining,drivage and underground foundation engineering and technologies of computer control,measure and detection.As a whole,R＆D of advanced technologies and approaches in mineral resources is increasing and applications keep expanding.In general,China＇s performance in the area of mineral resources is quite well,illustrated by active academic research and technology development,rapid growth of scientific-technological products, and the large potential in scientific and technological development.This work can provide a basis for revealing the international status of science and technology development in the area of mineral resources and unraveling current situations of the field in China.