烷基糖苷季铵盐的合成与表征

Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyl Polyglucosides Quaternary Ammonium Salt

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺盐酸盐和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成中间体N-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基-N-十二烷基氯化铵(CHPDDAC);对非离子烷基糖苷(APG)进行季铵化改性生成烷基糖苷季铵盐(APGQAS);通过正交实验确定了最佳合成工艺为:以异丙醇为溶剂,n(APG)∶n(CHPDDAC)=1.1∶1,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为7 h.通过红外光谱、元素分析及核磁共振波谱确定其化学结构,测定产物的临界胶束浓度CMC为3.16×10-4mol/L,γCMC为21.51 mN/m,Krafft点为-3.57℃.

N-（3-Chlorine-2-hydroxypropyl）-N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl-ammonium chloride（CHPDDAC） was synthesized with N,N-dimethyl dodecyl amine hydrochlorate and epichlorohydrin.Then,alkyl polyglucosides（APG） was quaternizing modified into alkyl polyglucosides quaternary ammonium salt（APGQAS） by CHPDDAC.The effects on the reaction process were investigated by the orthogonal experiment.The optimum conditions of the APGQAS were obtained as follows：isopropyl alcohol as solvent,n（APG）∶n（CHPDDAC）=1.1∶1,reaction temperature 80 ℃,reaction time 7 h.The structure of APGQAS was characterized by FTIR spectrum,elementary analysis and 1HNMR.The surface activities of the product were measured,the critical micelle concentration（CMC） was 3.16×10-4 mol/L,surface tension was 21.51 mN/m,Krafft point was-3.57 ℃.