转喻的原型观

A Prototype-Theory-Based Approach to Metonymy

转喻既是认识世界的工具,又是认识世界或范畴化的结果。从内涵及定义结构来看,不能以一套必要充分条件定义转喻这个概念范畴。从外延及指称结构来看,转喻与其它相邻范畴(本义语言、隐喻)的界限并非完全明晰。因此,转喻显示出原型效应。转喻的原型为基于空间关系的指称性转喻,且载体与目标关系为同一认知域的"整体—部分"关系,目标比载体更凸显。

Metonymy is both a tool and a result of understanding and categorizing the world.In terms of definitional structure on the intensional level,metonymy cannot be defined by means of a set of necessary and sufficient conditions.In terms of referential structure on the extensional level,the boundaries among metonymy,literal language and metaphor are not always determinate.Therefore,metonymy exhibits prototype effects.The prototype of metonymy is referential metonymy based on spatial relationship,in which vehicle and target are of whole-part relationship in the same domain,and target is more conceptually prominent than vehicle.