暴露后843例狂犬病疫苗接种者流行病学分析

843 cases of post-exposure rabies vaccination by epidemiological analysis

目的分析上高县动物致伤及暴露处置状况,为进一步做好狂犬病暴露后预防处置提供依据。方法收集2007年上高县疾病预防控制中心狂犬病预防接种门诊资料,对狂犬病疫苗接种者及其处置情况作统计分析。结果 843例暴露后免疫接种者中男女之比为1.57:1,致伤的高危年龄段为<15岁及30～44岁,以学生和农民居多,7、8月份为致伤高峰。伤人动物以犬最多,其次为猫。致伤部位以下肢和上肢为主,Ⅲ度和Ⅱ度暴露者占96.69%。24h内及时就诊处置占91.10%。70.34%的暴露者进行了规范的清创消毒,完成狂犬病疫苗全程接种的占99.05%,7.59%的暴露者使用了人源狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论暴露后预防处置对预防狂犬病发挥了重要作用,今后仍需落实暴露人群的规范处置,加强狂犬病防治知识宣传,提高高危人群的自我保护意识。

Objective This report was to analyse conditions of animal injury and exposure to disposal of Shanggao County,in order to further provide a basis for improving the rabies post-exposure preventive treatment.Methods Collected the imformation on the Centers for Disease Control of ShangGao county rabies vaccination clinics in 2007,makes statistical analysis to rabies vaccine recipients and their disposition.Results 843 cases of post-exposure immunization of persons,male to female ratio of 1.57：1,injury-risk age group of 15 years of age and 30-44 years of age,mostly students and farmers,7,8 compared with the peak injury.Wounding animal to be most by the dog,nest is the cat.Wounds the spot by the lower limb and the upper limb primarily,Ⅲdegree andⅡdegree of exposure accounted for 96.69%.Disposition of timely treatment within 24 hours accounted for 91.10%,70.34%of the exposed persons debridement and disinfection of the specification,the completion of full vaccination rabies vaccine accounted for 99.05%,7.59%exposure to use a human source of rabies immune globulin.Conclusion Post-exposure preventive treatment for rabies prevention play an important role,is still ahead of the implementation of the normative disposition of exposed populations,strengthen the knowledge of babies prevention and control advocacy,high-risk groups to improve awareness of self-protection.