甘蔗黑穗病菌基础生物学特性

The Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen of Sugarcane Smut Disease

对甘蔗黑穗病病原菌的基础生物学特性研究,结果表明,该菌的最适生长培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂与马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基,最适生长温度范围为25～30℃,28℃最为适宜。中性或偏酸性条件下有利于菌落生长。光照对菌落生长影响不大。在碳氮源方面,蔗糖、乳糖、淀粉、L-鼠李糖、甘油等5种碳源,以及硝酸钠、L-天冬氨酸、乙酸铵等3种氮源均有利于甘蔗黑穗病菌菌落生长,碳源以甘油为最好,氮源则以L-天冬氨酸与乙酸铵为最好。该病原菌冬孢子的致死温度为55℃,10min。

Smut disease in sugarcane is caused by the fungus Ustilago scitaminea （H.＆ P.Sydow） which occurs in all sugarcane-producing countries and causes a lose as high as 90% of the total yield.Therefore,it is important to study on the biological characteristics.In the present study,some biological characteristics of the pathogen of sugarcane smut disease were studied.The main results are described as follows：the most suitable medium for the fungus growth was potato glucose agar medium and the suitable growth temperature was from 25 ℃ to 30 ℃ and the optimal was 28 ℃.Acidic or neutral condition was conducive to the growth of the mycelium.Light affected little to the growth of the mycelium.Among the tested carbon and nitrogen resources,sugar,lactose,starch,L-rhamnose and glycerin were better,while sodium nitrate,L-aspartic acid and ammonium acetate were better for growth of the pathogen.Lethal temperature of the teliospore was 55 ℃ for 10 minutes.