商事登记在民商审判实践中的证据效力问题研究

Study on the Evidence Effect for Commercial Registration in Civil and Commercial Judicial Practice

在商法不断发展的过程中,商事登记审查制度也不断发展变化,我国在此方面表现得尤其明显。2006年1月1日修改后的《公司登记管理条例》施行,商事登记审查制度由原来的实质审查制转变为以形式审查为主、实质审查为辅的审查制,这虽然是历史的进步,但却为法官提出了在司法实务中如何确定商事登记证据效力的难题。法院为维护自身证据规则的统一,必然要面临形式审查状态下的商事登记的司法证据效力与商事登记公信效力冲突等问题。在以形式审查为主要审查制度的状态下,法院在民商审判实践中应该以司法独立认定和司法认定独立原则、信赖利益保护原则、"禁止反言"原则或"自食其果"原则等确定商事登记的证据效力。

With the development of commercial law, the review system of commercial registration developed simultaneously particularly in China. Since the Amendment to Regulations on Company Registration was implemented in January 1 st, 2006, the review system has changed from substantial review to formal review as principle and supplemented by substantial review, which is considered to be a historic improvement but leading to predicament for identifying the evidence effect thereof. To guarantee the unity of evidence rules, the conflict between evidence effect under formal review and public credibility is unavoidable. Thus in civil and commercial judicial practice, the court should abide by the doctrines of independent identification, detrimental reliance, and estoppel to identify the evidence effect for commercial registration.