摘要
茨威格特在比较法中所确立的功能主义原则存在两方面的缺陷。本文认为,从外在方面看,文化是一种生活方式;从内在方面看,文化是人的内心世界,是由理智、精神和本能组成的。进而法律文化可以分为反映人们理智的部分、反映精神的部分和反映本能的部分。对反映理智的法律文化,比较法研究者可以运用功能主义原则寻找不同法律体系中的功能等值物,并运用功利的标准进行有效的评价。对反映精神的法律文化,比较法研究者应结合道义的标准在有限的程度上运用功能主义原则进行评价。对于反映本能的法律文化,比较法研究者不能运用功能主义原则对其进行评价。由此,我们不能从整体上判定一种法律文化先进或者落后。
The functionalism principle in comparative law research of Zweigert has two defects:the answers to the question that which area the principle can not be applied to and the question that how we can use the principle to evaluate functional equivalence.This article discusses that culture is the life style in the outer aspect while in the inner aspect culture is the people's mind which includes reason,spirit and instinct.Therefore,legal culture is composed of three parts:to the legal culture of reason,the researcher of comparative law can use functionalism principle to search functional equivalence in different legal culture and evaluate it according to utilitarian standard;to the legal culture of spirit,the researcher must use functionalism principle with moral standard to evaluate legal culture to some limited extent;but to the legal culture of instinct,the researcher can not use functionalism principle to do the evaluation.It concludes that we can not judge generally if one legal culture is advanced or behindhand.
