论美国言论自由判例中的公共论坛原理——从2009年萨姆案谈起

On Public Forum Doctrine in American Speech Freedom Cases——To Begin with Sam Case in 2009

公共论坛是指在传统上供人们聚集在一起以表达思想和交流观点的公共场所。美国联邦最高法院在言论自由司法判例中形成了公共论坛原理,该原理的本质意义在于明确公民在什么程度上有权为了表达的目的使用政府地产,而政府规制公民在公共地产上发表言论的权力限度又在哪里。这一原理近年来得到了进一步发展,2009年萨姆案赋予了公共论坛原理新的内容。公共论坛原理对于中国法治建设具有启发和借鉴意义。

Traditionally,a public forum means a public place for people getting together to express and exchange thoughts.The United States Supreme Court forms the Public Forum Doctrine out from speech freedom cases,the essence of which aims at defining to what degree people can use governmental estates for expression and to what degree the government can regulate this expression.This doctrine develops in these years,especially after the Sam case in 2009.Consequently,it is of much instructive significance for the construction of the rule of law in China.