不同健康教育模式对婴儿营养性疾病干预效果评价

Effectiveness evaluation on different health education models for preventing nutritional diseases of infants

目的了解评价和营养支持计划(SOAP)营养咨询与儿童保健常规指导对婴儿营养性疾病的干预效果。方法选取在山西省妇幼保健院儿童保健科体检的100名婴儿为观察对象,随机分为SOAP组和常规指导组,共观测6个月。对SOAP组家长进行SOAP营养咨询,对常规指导组家长采用儿童保健门诊常规指导。干预6个月后检测两组婴儿营养性疾病发生情况,评价两组婴儿家长营养知识及喂养行为变化。结果干预6个月后,两组家长的营养知识-信念-行为较干预前均有改善,经重复测量方差分析,SOAP组家长的婴儿辅食添加情况、营养知识和喂养技术得分(分别为27.21±1.37、10.00±0.00、5.00±0.00)的增加高于常规指导组(分别为21.79±2.26、5.85±0.86、2.87±0.80),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SOAP组婴儿的营养性贫血、碘缺乏、锌缺乏的发生率均较常规指导组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接受SOAP营养咨询的家长其营养知识-信念-行为的改善优于常规指导组,其婴儿某些营养性疾病的发生率较低,SOAP营养咨询是一种行之有效的健康教育方式。

Objective To learn the effectiveness of the SOAP（subjective,objective,assessment and plan） nu-trition consultation and the regular instructions to prevent nutritional diseases of infants.Methods One hundred infants were taken as samples and randomly divided into two groups as the SOAP group and the regular group for six-month inter-vention.The accidence of the infants’nutrition diseases and their parents’knowledge of nutrition and feeding behaviors were evaluated after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the nutrition knowledge,beliefs and behaviors of in-fants’parents in two groups were improved.The scores of infant supplementary food,nutrition knowledge and feeding knowledge of infants’parents in the SOAP group were 27.21 ± 1.37,10.00 ± 0.00,and 5.00 ± 0.00,higher than those from the regular group with the scores of 21.79 ± 2.26,5.85 ± 0.86,and 2.87 ± 0.80,respectively（P〈0.05）.The prevalence rates of nutritional anemia,iodine deficiency and zinc deficiency in the SOAP group were lower than those in the regular group（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The parents from the SOAP group have greater improvements in the nutrition knowledge,beliefs and behaviors than the parents from the regular group,the prevalence rates of nutritional diseases of the SOAP group are lower than those of the regular group.The SOAP model is an effective method for children care.