钱塘江水系污染状况毒理学研究

Toxicological study on pollution in the Qiantang river system

目的研究钱塘江水系水质污染状况。方法采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠子宫增重试验,对分别位于钱塘江水系上、中、下游的街口、樟谭、将军岩、严东关、桐庐、富阳、袁浦7个断面的水样进行毒理学研究。结果位于钱塘江水系上游衢江、兰江段的污染较为严重,其水体受到了环境诱变剂和环境雌激素的污染,3个断面水样的致突变性强度为:樟潭>将军岩>严东关。位于钱塘江水系中游富春江段的富阳及位于下游杭州段的袁浦断面水样的污染程度较轻,其水体受到了环境雌激素的污染。位于钱塘江水系上游的另一支流新安江段的街口断面水样和位于钱塘江水系中游的桐庐断面水样未发现污染。结论根据本次调查,钱塘江水系上游衢江、兰江段水体污染状况较为严重,受到了一定程度的环境雌激素和环境诱变剂污染,应进一步加强对该段水体的水质保护和污染监测。

Objective To explore the water pollution status in the Qiantang rivcr system. Methods Vicia faba root tip ceils micronucleus test, Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse uterus growth test were used in the toxicological study to analyze 7 water samples taken from Jiekou, Zhangtan, Jiangjunyan, Yandongguan, Tonglu, Fuyang and Yuanpu, which are located in upper reach, middle reach and lower reach respectively of the river. Results The pollution in Qiantang upper reach Qujiang and Lanjiang sections was quite severe and the pollutants were environmental mutagen and environmental estrogen. The order of mutagenic intensity was as follows, Zhangtan water 〉 Jiangjunyan water 〉 Yandongguan water. The pollution of Fuyang located in Fuchunjiang section （ the middle reach of Qiantang） and Yuanpu located in Hangzhou section （ the lower reach of Qiantang） was moderate and the pollutant was environmental estrogen. No pollution was found in Qiantang upper reach Xinanjiang section and middle reach Tonglu section. Conclusion According to the survey, Qujiang and Lanjiang sections in upper reach of the Qiantang river were seriously polluted by environmental estrogen and environmental mutagen. The water quality protection and pollution surveillance should be further strengthened.