弓形虫感染母婴垂直传播的研究

Study on the maternal-fetal transmission of toxoplasma infection

目的探讨先天性弓形虫感染的传播途经及有关的危险因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法，对２８４例产妇及其新生儿，采集产妇（分娩前）静脉血３ｍｌ及其新生儿脐血３ｍｌ，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法一次性检测弓形虫循环抗原ＣＡｇ、弓形虫特异性ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体。结果发现产妇阳性１５例，产妇总感染率为５．２８％；新生儿阳性５例，新生儿总感染率为１．７６％；同时对检出的５例新生儿弓形虫感染者进行交互配对分析，发现产妇弓形虫感染与其新生儿弓形虫感染间存在显著性的统计学联系（Ｐ＜０．０５），其ＯＲ值为１３．６４，ＯＲ９５％的可信限为１．７５～１０６．３３。结论母婴垂直传播是新生儿先天性弓形虫感染的主要途径，对孕妇弓形虫感染的检测具有重要的优生学意义。

bjective To determine the transmission of congenital toxoplasmosis infection and to identify risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection. Methods An epidemiological study on the maternal-fetal transmission of toxoplasma gondii infection was conducted during 1996-1997 in two hospitals of Ningbo. This was carried out by random cluster sampling techniques of target population and clinical survey (including ELISA). During this study a total of 284 maternal women and their newborn infants (also 284) were selected and examined. Results The overall prevalence rates of toxoplasmosis among maternal women and their newborn infants were 5.28% (15/284) and 1.76%(5/284), respectively. Meanwhile, the relationship between toxoplsma infection of maternal women and their newborn infants was analyzed , and the results demonstrated that there was significant difference in the prevalence rates between two groups (OR=13.64,OR 95% CI 1.75-106.33, P <0.05). In addition, other risk factors of toxoplasma infection in maternal women and their infants were analyzed and discussed. Conclusion It is clear to show that maternal-fetal transmission of toxoplasma infection is the main transmission of congenital toxoplamosis. Based on the study findings, seroepidemiologic survey in pregnant women shows an important significance in better child-bearing.