妊娠期糖尿病妇女就诊前膳食营养、健康状况及活动量的调查

A survey of nutrition and health status and activity levelin the gestational diabetes mellitus patients

目的探讨膳食营养、健康状况及活动量对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)发病的影响。方法选择营养门诊及病房会诊的GDM80例作为调查对象,同期就诊的80例非糖尿病孕妇作为对照组。记录就诊前3d的每日饮食总量;记录孕前及就诊时的体质量和BMI,分别计算出就诊时体质量和BMI较孕前的增加值;计算就诊前的每日活动量(包括从事工作时的活动量、做家务和外出时间等),比较GDM和非GDM孕妇的膳食营养和健康状况以及活动量的差异。结果与对照组相比,GDM组孕妇的每日食用的饮食总热能、脂肪占总热能的比例显著增加(P<0.01);GDM组孕晚期体质量和BMI较孕前的增加值明显高于对照组(P<0.05);但GDM组每日的活动量较对照组明显减少(P<0.01)。两组在碳水化合物供能比、蛋白质供热比、孕中期体质量较孕前的增加值、孕中期BMI较孕前的增加值的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论孕前BMI值较高,孕期膳食高热能,脂肪供热比偏高,孕晚期体质量和BMI较孕前增加过多,孕期活动量少等均与GDM的发生有关。加强对已怀孕妇女和计划怀孕的妇女的健康监测和健康指导,对及时防治GDM具有重要意义。

Objective To study of the status of diet,nutrition,health and daily activity of the gestational patients with diabetes mellitus（GDM）.Methods Eighty cases of GDM from outpatient and wards consultation were recruited for the study,80 cases non-diabetic pregnant women were chosen as the control group.The details of the diets during the past 3 days before interview,body weight and body mass index（BMI） were recorde.The increase of body weight and BMI were calculated at the time of interview,mid-pregnancy and late-pregnancy in both groups.The daily activities（including the amount of work activities,housekeeping and outdoor activities） were also recorded.Results There was a significant increase of the total daily energy taken,together with the fat ratio in the diet in GDM group（P0.01）.During the late-pregnancy the increase of body weight and BMI were significantly greater in GDM group than that in control group（P0.05）;but the daily activity was markedly reduced in GDM group as compared with that of control group（P0.01）.However,such as carbohydrate ratio and protein ratio of the diets,the increase of body weight and BMI during the mid-pregnancy,there were no significant change between two groups.Conclusion Women who have high value of BMI before pregnancy,take high energy food and increased fat ratio in the diet during pregnancy,and have increased body weight and BMI during late-pregnancy are more likely related with GDM development.It is important to give health guidance and monitor food structure during pregnancy to prevent GDM.