豆粕替代鱼粉对点篮子鱼生长性能的影响

Effects of replacement of fish meal by soybean meal on growth characters of Siganidae(Siganus guttatus)

以豆粕替代鱼粉配置5组等氮(35%)等能(19.00MJ/kg)饲料,豆粕∶鱼粉替代比分别为0∶1(D1)、1∶2(D2)、1∶1(D3)、2∶1(D4)、1∶0(D5),研究豆粕蛋白对体重(104.64±2.76)g点篮子鱼生长性状、体成分、生物学指标的影响,从而确定点篮子鱼饵料中最佳的动植物蛋白比。试验在室内圆锥形孵化桶中进行,分5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。49d养殖试验结果表明,饲料中豆粕含量对点篮子鱼生长有显著影响,特定生长速率(SGR)、增重率(WG)、摄食率(FI)与替代比成负相关,对照组(D1)[11.87(100g)/d]FI显著高于全豆粕组(D5)[5.81(100g)/d]。饲料系数(FCR)与替代比成正相关,D5组FCR高达2.97。饲料中豆粕含量水平对肌肉粗蛋白与水分含量无显著影响,对全鱼粗蛋白和脂肪影响显著,粗蛋白在D5组取得最小值19.11%。肝脏蛋白含量随饲料中豆粕含量增加呈先增加后降低趋势,高豆粕含量组肝脏脂肪含量显著低于低豆粕组。蛋白替代对点篮子生物学指标影响较小。综合考虑SGR、FCR、FI等指标,点篮子鱼饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉比不宜大于1∶2。但从肌肉营养品质方面考虑,替代比可以达到2∶1。

A 49-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in Siganus guttatus[with the initial weight（104.64±2.76）g]diets on fish growth performance,body composition and biological indices and to determine the optimum soybean meal concentration in S.guttatus diets.Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing 35% protein and 19.00 MJ/kg gross energy.The replacement ratio（soybean meal∶fish meal）was 0∶1（D1）,1∶2（D2）,1∶1（D3）,2∶1（D4）,1∶0（D5）.S.guttatus which were fed to satiate twice daily,were cultured in conical rearing tanks（0.5 m3）with 25 ind per tank and three replications per group.The results showed that the growth performance of S.guttatus was significantly affected by the concentration of soybean meal in the diets.Weight Gain（WG）,Special Growth Rate（SGR）and Feed Intake（FI）had a negative correlation with diet soybean meal concentration.WG and SGR were maximized when fish were fed with pure fish meal,24.42% and 0.44 %/d,respectively.Significant differences were observed in SGR in each group.The value of FI in D1 was significantly higher than that in D5.Feed Conversion Rate（FCR）had a positive correlation with diet soybean meal concentration.The lowest value of FCR was found in D1,but there was no significant difference between D1 and D2.There was also no obvious difference between D2 and D3.The replacement had no significant effects on muscle crude protein and moisture but had marked influence on whole body crude protein and fat.The lowest value of whole body crude protein was observed in D5（19.11%）.Liver crude protein content tended to increase first and then decrease,with increasing soybean meal concentration in dietsi.Liver crude fat in higher soybean meal concentration diets is significantly lower than in lower soybean meal concentration diets.The replacement had no significant effect on biological indices except Viscerasomatic Index.The replacement ration should be less than 1∶2 in S.guttatus diets based on SGR,FCR,FI and some other parameters.However,considering the muscle quality of S.guttatus,it is indicated that the replacement ratio could amount to 2∶1.