司空图《诗赋(赞)》考论

A Study on Sikong Tu's Poetry and Fu (Praise)

司空图的《诗赋(赞)》由于文本异文的存在,以及句法和取喻的的不循常规,一直存在着理解上的分歧。通过文字校勘、文理疏通,可以发现《诗赋(赞)》是一篇蕴含很深的诗学哲学文献,"非诗诗"和"未为奇奇"是富有老子哲学智慧的诗学命题,文中"河浑沇清"论诗人性情风格之大要基于上述诗学命题;"邻女"、"鼠革"、"蚁聚"三喻包含着对当时诗风的严厉批评;"历诋自是"、正反对比是《诗赋(赞)》的立论思路;《诗赋(赞)》与《二十四诗品》存在一定的相关性。

Sikong Tu ＇ s Poetry and Fu （ Praise ） had different understandings due to its diverse alternate versions and unconventionality in syntax and use of metaphors. After the collation and emendation of its wording and the detailed checking of the text, Poetry and Fu（Praise） turned out to be a literature of poetics and philosophy with profound meanings hidden in it. What is not a poem is a real one and what is commonplace is really uncommon. They were propositions of poetics which were filled with Lao Tzu＇s philosophical wisdom. The metaphor of the Yellow River being muddy while the Yah River was clear, served to show that a poet＇ s grand temperament and style should be based on the above propositions of poetics. Such metaphors as ＂neighboring girl＂, ＂mouse skin＂ and ＂ant gathering＂ contained severe criticisms of the atmosphere in poetic circles at that time. The converse of speaking ill of others one by one and speaking highly of oneself was the author＇s way of thinking for his arguments. There are some relevances between Sikong Tu＇ s Poetry and Fu（Praise） and 24 Critiques of Poetry.