战国秦时期“邑”的社会政治经济实体性——官社国野体制新说

Social,Political and Economic Reality of"Yi"(邑) in the Qin of Warring States Period——New Discussion on the System of"Guanshe-guoye"(官社国野)

邑,在先秦文献中是最为常见的一个社会政治经济组织体概念。《礼记·王制》等篇所言"量地以制邑"以及《周礼》所言"造都鄙"之类,都是政府在统一划疆分野,规划邑里。在此种形势下成立的邑,总具有社会政治经济一体化的统一实体性,可称为社会政治经济实体邑,或官社实体邑。此实体邑不是国营经济,具有政社合一的特点,所以称之为官社。这种居民点,极其大者,一国之都可谓之邑;极其小者,数家之里落亦称为邑,如"十室之邑",若今乡里村落然。愈是这种基层居民组织,愈具有经济实体性。待战国社会乡邑行政化,这种邑以转型的形式编入国家行政网络,仍是一种政社合一的组织。

Yi is the most common concept of the social,political and economic organization in documents of the Pre-Qin Period.＂Measure the land to build the Yi＂and＂build the Dubi（都鄙）＂,all meant that the government planed the Yi uniformly.Under the circumstances,the Yi had the nature of the unified entity,which meant the integration of social, political and economic function.It was named＂the social,political and economic entity of Yi or＂the Guanshe entity of Yi＂（官社实体邑）by me.It wasn’t the state operated economy.It had the characteristics of integration which combining social,political and economic function into one.So I called it＂Guanshe＂（官社）.All this kind of residential areas was called＂Yi＂,no matter it was large or small.The capital could be called＂Yi＂.A little village was also called＂Yi＂, Such as＂the Yi of ten families＂which was like villages today.The kind of grass-roots unit had the nature of economic entity.Until the Warring States Period the Yi was administrationized,it was transformed and brought into the administrative system.It was still an organization of combining the social,political and economic function into one at that time.