论西方生态思想演进的历史形态

Historical Forms of Evolution of Western Ecological Thoughts

英国工业革命后,随着经济、技术的快速发展,也导致了环境、资源等诸多问题的激化,于是产生了反思工业文明,创建生态文明的声音。1789年,吉尔伯特·怀特率先以书信体的文学样式,写作了《塞耳彭自然史》,标志着世界上最早的生态思想的诞生。西方生态思想的发展大致可分为三个历史阶段:生态文学、生态伦理学和生态政治学。这三个阶段呈现出的不同的理论和方法构成了西方生态思想演进过程中的不同历史形态。

The Industrial Revolution brought the development of the economic and technology rapidly,which also lead to the environment problem,such as the pollution of the environment become intense,the waste of the resource and so on.Because of this,people began to rethink of the Industrial civilization,and expected to found an ectopically world, in which people respected the nature.Gilbert White took the lead in writing The Natural History of Selborne in the forms of letters in 1789,which meant the naissance of ecology.The thought of the western ecology fell into three historical phases approximately：ecological literature,ecological ethics and ecological politics.Consequently,this paper tries to discuss the different theories and means of the three phases in western ecology,use for reference to contemporary Chinese construction of ecological civilization.