清末民初我国监狱罪犯作业的经费问题

On the Funds of Criminal Production at the End of Qing Dynasty and the Beginning of the Republic of China

罪犯从事作业是清末监狱改良的产物,学界对监狱改良有一些研究,绝大多数都以刑罚制度为研究重点。笔者从两个方面还原罪犯作业的原貌:作业经费的筹集及作业收益。说明:罪犯作业的经费来源并不是通常理解的方式——国家统一提供,而是各监狱自行筹措,挪借、捐纳、集资等都有使用。罪犯作业产品有多种获取收益的方式,在经费投入先天不足的情况下作业的收益注定比较微弱,明盈暗亏成为表征。从某种意义上讲,罪犯作业经济收益的分析更说明监狱早期现代化过程缓慢的事实。

Criminal Production stemmed from the prison reform at the end of Qing Dynasty.Some scholars had made some research on the prison reform,but most of them focused on the penalty system.This article intended to conduct study on the initial surroundings of Criminal Production from the two aspects：the funds collection and the revenue of Criminal Production.This article concluded：the funds are not provided by the government as we always think so,but collected by the prisons themselves by the way such as borrowing,donation and raising money,etc.The ways of the revenue from the products of Criminal Production are diversified.But the revenue doomed little given insufficient funds investment.It is characterized as the profit from the surface,but actually running in the red.In some respect,the analysis of the economic benefit of Criminal Production can draw a clear picture on the gradually process of the early modernization of the prisons.