北京市社会体育指导员发展现状与对策研究

Research on Countermeasures and Current Situations of Development of Social Sports Instructors in Beijing

通过对北京市社会体育指导员的基本状况、影响因素等的调查,在与2001年调查结果比较分析的基础上,找出存在的问题与解决问题的对策。对北京市所属18个区(县),发放约12 078份问卷。与2001年调查比较,2009年结果显示,女性社会体育指导员的比例超过男性;技能指导类的社会体育指导员超过组织管理类社会体育指导员。北京市体育场(馆)的总数从建国初期的19个增加至6 146个,目前,市级晨、晚辅导站有3 409个,区(县)级晨、晚辅导站有3 028个,经常参加晨、晚辅导站活动的人数总体约有38.032万人。锻炼群体女性(54.5%)高于男性(45.5%),年龄集中在25～45岁、45～59岁两个年龄段;增强体力和健康、消遣娱乐及提高运动能力是构成锻炼群体动机的重要因素;"体育明星"、"体育老师"和"体育读物"是锻炼人群参与体育锻炼的促进因素。社会体育指导员队伍、体育设施、体育锻炼经费投入以及科学体育锻炼知识赶不上体育锻炼人群的实际需求。从社会体育指导员不同技术等级的分布来看,尽管数值有了质的变化,但结构仍呈现出"金字塔形"的结构,说明社会体育指导员队伍的技术等级结构分布是在稳中向前发展的。提供群众性体育锻炼的体育场(馆)与设施无论是在种类上还是数量上均呈现出多样化的趋势,表明人们有越来越多的选择锻炼的空间和方式。京郊农村城市化和女性早于男性的退休制度是影响锻炼群体结构特征的重要因素之一;有氧为主体,以提高心肺功能和肌肉力量的运动项目(走或跑步等)是锻炼群体的主流选择。积极开发北京市的体育场(馆)资源,增加社会体育指导员的数量、提高业务素养、丰富手段与技巧,是破解当前困扰群众体育锻炼难、提高北京市居民身体健康素质的促进因素。

Objective：This paper makes investigation on influencing factors and basic situations of social sports instructors in Beijing and compares them with the findings in 2001 so as to find out existing problems and countermeasures of solving problems and thus provide decision-making consultation for sustainable development of the mass sports in Beijing.Methods：Based on the questionnaire investigation and interview method,we distribute about 12,078 questionnaires in 18 districts and counties of Beijing and adopt frequency and percentage for the data processing.Results：Compared with the investigation in 2001,the results in 2009 indicated that the female social sports instructors are more than male social sports instructors and the sill guidance type instructors are more than organization management type instructors.Beijing has 6,146 sports venues and stadiums,rising from 19 units in the initial stage of new China.Nowadays,there are 3,409 municipal morning and evening exercise stations and 3,028 district-level（county-level） stations.About 380,320 persons often join in activities of the stations.Females（54.5%）,who participate in the exercise,are more than males（45.5%）.The participants are mainly in two age sections,including 25-45 years old and 45-49 years old.The motivation of joining the exercise is to improve the stamina and health,increase recreation and improve athletic ability.The research shows that the stimulus of the mass of joining the sports exercise is sports stars,physical education teachers and sports journals.The social sports instructor teams,sports facilities,sports exercise funds and scientific sports exercise knowledge can not meet the physical demand of the mass taking part in the sports exercises.Conclusions：Viewed from distribution of different technical classes of social sports instructors,though the values have changed qualitatively,there is still the structure of pyramid,showing that the structure of technical class of social sports instructors teams are steadily developing forward.The sports stadiums and facilities,provided for the mass sports exercises,are various both in the category and in the quantity,indicating that the masses have lots of spaces and methods of choosing the exercises.One of the important factors that influence the structural characteristics of exercise groups is the urbanization of suburban rural areas of Beijing and the retirement system that females retire earlier than males.The masses mainly select movement events（such as walking or running）,which depend on the oxygen and could improve the cardio-pulmonary function and muscle strength.The stimulus to tackling the problems of troubling the mass sports exercises and improving the physical health of Beijing citizens is to vigorously develop the sports stadiums in Beijing,increase the quantity of social sports instructors,improve the business quality and enriching the skills and methods.