新疆坝工技术进展

Advances of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang

新疆有大小河流570余条,97%的河川径流形成于山区。因此,山区水库大坝建设是开发水能资源、实现水资源合理配置与有效调控的重要措施。自20世纪90年代以来,新疆的水库建设已从平原水库转入山区水库建设,筑坝材料也在当地材料坝的基础上不断改进,碾压混凝土坝、混凝土面板砂砾石堆石坝、沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝、土工膜防渗堆石坝等坝型不断涌现。结合新疆坝工建设,系统地总结了坝工技术特点和取得的主要技术创新成果,研究认为:以黏土心墙堆石坝为基础坝型,以混凝土面板砂砾石堆石坝和沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝为主要发展方向,在高寒地区、高地震区、深厚覆盖层等特殊环境和各种不良地质条件下的筑坝技术,是新疆坝工建设的显著特点。努力在坝工设计、坝基处理、施工工艺和建筑材料等关键技术取得不断进步和创新,对于提高大坝建设和运行管理的技术经济水平、安全可靠性能具有非常重要的促进作用。

There are over 570 rivers are in Xinjiang and 97% of them originate from mountains.Dam construction in mountainous area is an effective measure to control and regulate rational allocation of water resources.Since the 1990s,the dam construction in Xinjiang has shifted from the plain area to the mountainous one,and dam materials are also improved on the basis of local materials.There appear roller compaction concrete dams,concrete faced sandy gravel and rock dams,asphalt concrete core rock-fill dams,rock-fill dams by anti-seepage geomembrane and so on.The characteristics of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang are summarized.The main inventions and innovations are reviewed.According to the history of dam construction in Xinjiang,it is concluded that the characteristics of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang is the clay core rock-fill dam as the basic dam type,and the concrete faced sandy gravel and rock dam and asphalt concrete core rock-fill dam as the main direction of development in the area of special environment and unfavorable geological conditions such as severe cold area,high seismic area,deep overburden layer.Efforts of improvement and innovation on key techniques,including dam design,basement treatment,construction technology and construction materials,will improve the construction techniques,operation management and dam safety.