矮秆玉米自交系“82-3”植株性状的遗传研究

A study on the inheritance of plant traits of dwarf maize inbreed "82-3"

以矮秆资源82-3自交系为父本与高秆自交系W 1杂交,通过对双亲和F1,F2等不同群体植株性状田间调查,分析82-3植株性状在不同世代的遗传.结果表明,矮秆自交系82-3具有株矮、穗位低、穗上叶片数少,但雄穗发达、叶面积大、叶夹角小、叶向值高等特点,对降低杂种后代株高和穗上叶片数有明显作用;在所调查的性状中,不同世代雄穗分枝数以及叶向值的变异性均较强,变异系数多在20%以上,预示这2个性状遗传稳定性较差,选择响应较低;不同性状遗传力各异,矮秆自交系82-3的株高、穗位高以及雄穗特性遗传力较高,而穗上叶片数和叶向值遗传力较低.

Field investigations were made on plant traits of parents,F1 and F2 generations composed by dwarf resource inbreed line ＂82-3＂ crossed with high inbreed line W1.The result showed that the dwarf inbreed ＂82-3＂,with the characters of dwarf plant height,low ear height,less leaves above the ear,while big tassel size,large leaf aera,small angle between leaf and stem and small leaf orientation,can noticeably reduce the plant height and leaves above the ear of hybrid.Among the traits investigated,both the number of tassel branches and leaf orientation over generations with more large variability,and the coefficient variances were all above 20%,which inferred the lower inheriting stability of the two traits and lower gain for selection.The heritability varied with characters,the dwarf inbreed line ＂82-3＂ with higher heritability on the traits of plant height,ear height and tassel size,and lower heritability on leaf numbers above ear as well as leaf orientation.