普通小麦-大麦杂交后代花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为的检测与分析

Examinations and analyses on meiotic chromosome behavior in pollen mother cells of the cross progenies between common wheat and cultivated barley

通过对普通小麦与大麦杂交后代的花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为进行检测及分析,表明小麦-大麦远缘杂交后代减数分裂行为存在一些异常现象.花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMC MI)均具有一定数量的单价体,普遍存在多个棒状二价体和多价体;后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ和末期出现落后染色体、染色体桥、微核、四分孢子分裂异常等.这些异常现象可能是由远缘杂交的2个亲本间染色体组存在差异造成,导致了杂种后代中的大麦染色体的遗传不稳定性.

Distant hybridization is an important way to gain genes and characters from close genera.Cultivated barley contains a lot of available genes such as earliness,drought,tolerance salt,tolerance yellow dwarf virus,high lysine protein and so on.In this paper,the meiotic chromosome behaviour of pollen mother cell of hybrids between common wheat and cultivated barley was examined and analyzed to reveal some abnormal phenomena of meiotic behavior of distant hybridization progenies.The results showed that cytokinesis in PMC meiosis had univalent,rod bivalent and multivalent.A little lagging chromosome,chromosome bridges,micronuclei and abnormal tetraspore were found in anaphase I,anaphaseⅡand tetrad stage.These abnormal phenomena might result from the different genomes of distant hybridization parent.