肿瘤化疗患者PICC置管的护理

Nursing of Patients with Cancer Chemotherapy Treatments through Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters

目的探讨经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)在肿瘤化疗患者中的护理,提高肿瘤化疗患者的生活质量。方法选取放疗科经肘正中静脉、贵要静脉或头静脉将PICC导管置入上腔静脉或锁骨下静脉行大剂量化疗的230例肿瘤患者,对其进行观察和护理。结果本组病例置管成功率为96.09%(221/230),留置导管的时间为15～320d,平均留置时间为91.6d。发生并发症32例,其中渗血11例,静脉炎12例,导管阻塞9例,无全身感染、导管断裂、导管脱出等其他并发症的发生。结论肿瘤化疗患者行PICC置管,操作简便、安全可靠、并发症少、保留时间长,并能有效降低化疗药物对患者血管的毒性作用,从而更好地保护血管,减少患者痛苦。有效正确的导管护理,则是PICC导管留置成功的关键。

Objective To explore the effeet of systemic nursing for patients with cancer chemotherapy treatments through peripherally inserted central eatheters（PICC） ,and improve the QOL of patients. Methods Two hundred and thirty patients with high dose chemotherapy treatments were enrolled in this study. PICC was intubated into superior vena cava or subclavian vein by the way of median cubital vein,basilie vein or the cephalic vein. Results The success ratio of intubation was 96.09% （221/230）. Catheters were detained from 15 to 120 days and the average time was 91.6 d. The eomplieations occurred in 32 eases in which 11 eases were with leakage, 12 eases with phlebitis,9 cases with pipes jam. No other complications Such as systemic infection, catheter ruptured and catheter prolapsus were founded. Conclusion PICC performed in patients with cancer chemotherapy treatments can effectively protect their blood vessels and reduce the suffering beeanse PICC is simple,safe ,with fewer complications and has a long retention time. The effective and correct catheter nursing is the key of successful PICC catheter for cancer chemotherapy patients.