农村小学阶段独生子女和非独生子女教养方式比较研究

Comparative Study between Single Child and Non-single Child's Rearing Patterns in Rural Primary School

目的研究农村小学阶段独生子女和非独生子女在教养方式上是否存在差异。方法从安徽省某农村小学,随机抽取三～六年级各1个班进行调查,共获有效被试190人,独生子女77人,女生18人,男生59人;非独生子女113人,女生80人,男生33人。利用父母教养方式评定问卷进行测试。结果①父母对独生与非独生子女在教养方式的存在差异,独生子女在信任因子上得分高于非独生子女,非独生子女在溺爱型因子上的得分高于独生子女(t=2.383,-2.221;P<0.05);②父亲、母亲对独生与非独生子女在教养方式上存在差异,父亲对非独生子女更为溺爱,母亲对独生子女更为信任(t=2.468,-2.031;P<0.05);③父母对独生与非独生男、女在教养方式存在差异,父母对独生子女和非独生子女的教养方式存在性别差异,与独生男相比,父母对非独生男更为溺爱,与独生女相比,父母对非独生女更为溺爱也更为专制(t=-2.070,-2.187,-2.602;P<0.05)。结论父母应注重和改善对子女的教养方式,以促进子女身心更加健康发展。

Objective To investigate the differences of parental rearing pattern between single child and non-single child.Methods We had researched 190 single children and non-single children who come from a rural primary school in Anhui Province,inncluding 77single children（18 girls,59 boys） and 113 non-single children reared（80girls,33boys）.The subjects filled out parental rearing pattern questionnaire.Results ①Parents single children and non-child with different way,single child scored higher than non-single child in trust factor,non-single child scored higher than single child in dotage factor（t=2.383,-2.221;P〈0.05）.②Father and mother adopted different rearing pattern to single child and non-single child,The father doted on the non-single child,the mother trusted to single child（t=2.468,-2.031;P〈0.05）.③Parents adopted different rearing pattern to single boy or girl and non single boy or girl,patents dote on non-single boy and girl,but also were despotic to non-single girl（t=-2.070,-2.187,-2.602;P〈0.05）.Conclusion The parents should improve their rearing pattern in order to promote the health level of the body and mind of their children.