北京地区樱桃园鸟害特点分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Bird Damage in Cherry Orchard in Beijing Region

在北京市海淀区的部分樱桃园,针对樱桃园的害鸟种类和数量、樱桃损失率、受害特点、果农常用的驱鸟方法等情况进行调查。结果发现:北京樱桃园害鸟主要为喜鹊、灰喜鹊和树麻雀,另外还有少量的白头鹎、灰椋鸟和八哥等。鸟害对樱桃造成的产量损失率介于(4.44±4.12)%(直接计数法)～(7.00±1.92)%(入户走访)之间;危害部位多集中在樱桃树的上部(占57.6%)。围绕害鸟造成的樱桃损失率,着重讨论了与国外研究结果存在差异的主要原因。根据野外害鸟的危害特点,提出了害鸟综合防治的建议。

The species and amount of pest birds,the loss of bird damage,foliar characteristics and popular management measurements in cherry orchards in Beijing were surveyed.The results showed that the dominant kind of destructive birds in Beijing were Black-billed Magpie,Azure-winged Magpie and Tree Sparrow.There were also a small quantity of Chinese Bulbul,White-cheeked Starling and Silky starling,myna.Bird damage to cherry was estimated to be from（4.44±4.12）%（counting directly）to（7.00±1.92）%（estimated by farmer）,most of damage positions were concentrated on the upper part of cherry trees（57.6%）.Surrounding the loss rate of cherry made by destructive birds,the reasons for the differences of researches both at home and abroad were discussed.In addition,based on the characteristics of bird damage of cherry,suggestions of integrated control techniques to destructive birds were raised.