如何解决“补语”问题

How to Solve the Bǔyǔ Problem

汉语的"补语"之所以成为问题,不在它跟西方语法学的complement不一致,而在我们没有摆脱印欧语的观念,过分看重名词和动词的对立,认定"名词性词语只充当宾语不充当补语"。本文梳理现有的两个解决汉语"补语问题"的方案存在的问题,指出"补语问题"的要害在于:把动词后表事物的成分不管是动作对象还是动作结果一律叫"宾语",而对动词后表性状的成分则区别对待,把表动作对象的还叫宾语,把表动作结果的分出来叫"补语",这使得汉语语法体系在逻辑上缺乏自洽性。针对以上问题,我们提出的解决方案是,取消"宾语"这顶帽子,保留"补语"这顶帽子,原来的宾语改戴"补语"帽,原来的补语可以仍然戴"补语"帽,不用改戴"后置状语"和"次级谓语"之类的帽子,改戴那两顶帽子只是用另一种印欧语眼光替换前一种印欧语眼光而已。

Many Chinese grammarians believe that the syntactic function bǔyǔ（complement） is a problematic category because in Chinese bǔyǔ is a verbal constituent while in the Western languages complement is a nominal or non-verbal constituent.In order to make the category bǔyǔ agree with the category complement and solve the Bǔyǔ Problem,they have introduced another two syntactic functions secondary predication and post-adverbial from the West as a substitute for bǔyǔ.This paper opposes that treatment which is still bound by the Indo-European perspective and instead it proposes to abolish the category object and let bǔyǔ cover both nominal and verbal complements.