类词缀与事件强迫

On the Affixoid Which Can Trigger Off Event Coercion

现代汉语中有些类词缀黏附在名词性成分NP后构成名词,其中隐含动词,在理解和释义中需要重建一个事件。本文基于生成词库理论,把这种现象归为一种事件强迫,给出统一的解释,从而解决了之前研究中一些尚存的问题。研究发现:1)能触发事件强迫的类词缀都是后置的,形式上表现为既能黏附在名词性成分NP后,也能黏附在动词性成分VP后,语义上与事件活动密切相关,包括指人、指物和指情状三类。其中前两类构成的多是施事名词,不能是受事名词,而且这些施事名词倾向于高度范畴化的恒常性名词、人造类名词。2)除了少数例外,隐含的动词基本上是名词性成分NP的目的角色或施成角色,具体选择哪种角色受类词缀语义的制约,也与NP的语义类有关。

There is a kind of affixoid in Chinese attached to certain nominal elements to form nouns with verbal implication which should be understood and explained by reconstructing an event.Based on the theory of generative lexicon,this paper recognizes this kind of phenomenon as event coercion triggered off by such affixoids and suggests a unified explanation,so that to provide solutions to some problems that have been unsolved previously.It is found that 1） the affixoids of this kind are suffixoids which can be attached to NP and VP in form closely related to event or activity semantically including person reference,object reference and manner reference.Among the three references,the first two form agent nouns（but not patient nouns） which tend to be of highly categorized individual-level and artifactual types;and 2） those with verbal implication,with few exceptions,play telic or agentive roles whose choice is semantically constrained by the affixoid and affected by the semantic type of NP.