杏贮藏加工技术研究进展

Research progress of apricot storage and processing technology

我国杏栽培面积大、产量高,杏果肉、仁、核壳均有很高的开发利用价值,但我国杏贮藏加工产业存在以下问题:种质资源家底不清,缺乏加工专用品种;贮运保鲜、冷链物流与商品化处理技术落后,货架期短;集中上市与来不及加工的矛盾突出;加工转化率较低,产品结构不合理,精深加工及综合利用水平不高;标准体系不健全,产品质量与安全保障水平较低。紧密围绕上述问题,综述了杏贮藏加工技术的研究现状,提出今后的研究重点应放在加工品质评价与加工专用品种筛选、延长货架期、半成品保藏技术以及开发杏仁短肽、杏核壳活性炭等科技含量和附加值高的深度加工产品上,同时构建杏贮藏加工技术标准及全程质量控制技术体系,以促进科技和产业相结合,使杏贮藏加工科技更好地支撑和引领杏贮藏加工产业的发展。

The apricot flesh, almonds and apricot sbells have high value of exploitation, and the area of apricot cultivation is large with high yield in China. However, there are some problems in apricots processing industry, such as the unclear germplasm resources, the absence of special varieties for processing, the short shelf life after storage, the lag in technology of storage, cold chain and commercial handing, and the conflict between harvesting within a short time and processing without enough time. There are other problems including the unreasonable production construction, the lower degree of processing rate and the low level of multipurpose utilization, the deficiency of standard system and control system for product quality and safety as well. Around the problems described above, the situation of apricot processing industry was reviewed and some suggestions were given in this paper. In order to promote the combination of the apricot processing science ＆ technology with the industry, and make the industry development supported and leaded preferably by the science ＆ technology, the research of processing quality evaluation, shelf life extension, semi-manufacture preservation technology, and the development of high technological and high value-added deep processing products such as almond peptides and apricot shells activated carbon should be emphasized. Meanwhile, the apricot processing standard system and general quality control system should be constructed.