鼠茅覆盖对梨园杂草控制及土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

Effects of sod culture with Vulpia myuros on weed control,soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in pear orchard

研究了鼠茅对梨园杂草的防除效果,以及种植鼠茅后土壤微生物数量与酶活性的变化。结果表明,种植鼠茅后主要控制了禾本科杂草的发生,对多种杂草防效达100%。鼠茅秸秆水浸提液对狗尾种子发芽具有明显“浓度效应”,低浓度（0.01 g·mL-1）处理狗尾种子时,促进种子发芽,随着水浸提液浓度的升高（0.02～0.04 g·mL-1）,狗尾种子发芽率及发芽势逐渐降低,且浓度越大,抑制作用越强;种植鼠茅后,土壤中放线菌数量大大增加,为对照的5倍,而细菌和真菌的数量无明显变化：土壤酸性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性也显著提高,分别为对照的2_32倍和3,61倍,土壤蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性均略有降低。但与对照无显著差异。另试验表明,稻草覆盖与种植鼠茅自然覆盖控制果园杂草的效果及原理不尽相同。

Effects of sod culture with Vulpia myuros （L.） C. C. Gruel. on weed growth, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in pear orchard were investigated. The results indicated that sod culture with Vulpia myuros mainly controlled weed growth of Gramineae and some of them could be killed completely. Concentration effect of water extraction from shoots and leaves of V. myuros was obvious on seed germination of Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv. The weed seed germination was stimulated with low concentration（0.01 g·mL^-1） of the water extraction of Vulpia myuros, while the higher concentration（0.02 to 0.04 g·mL^-1） decreased germination rate and Germinability of the weed seeds. The inhibiting effects became stronger with the concentration increase of the water extraction of shoots and leaves of V. myuros. The quantity of actinomyces after cultivating V. myuros was five times as much as control. The activities of UrA and Pho rose significantly, 2.32 and 3.61 times the amout of control respectively. However, there were no remarkable changes in Bacteria, Fungi, SaA and CAT. Moreover, the effects and mechanisms could be incompletely the same between covering with straw and sod culture with V. myuros.