166例孕晚期妇女膳食调查及营养评价

Dietary survey and nutritional evaluation of 166 late pregnant women

目的调查孕晚期妇女的膳食摄入情况,评估营养状况,并提出合理建议。方法采用24h膳食回顾法调查我院妇产科门诊定期复诊的孕晚期妇女166名,详细询问被调查者的食物种类和数量,分别计算平均每日食物摄入量、每日营养素摄入量、三大营养素产能比和蛋白质来源百分比。结果孕妇全日摄入能量合适,三大营养素供热比基本合理;不同孕前BMI的孕妇在能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量上没有明显区别;蛋白质总量摄入充足,但是优质蛋白质的来源比例不合理,每日膳食中水产品、豆类及奶制品摄入不足;烹调油摄入过量;钙、铁、锌的摄入不足。结论孕晚期妇女的膳食总量基本满足生理要求,但是膳食结构不尽科学合理,需要加强营养健康教育。

Objective To investigate the dietary intake of late pregnant women and provide dietary suggestions based on the evaluation of their nutritional status. Methods 166 women （third trimester of pregnancy） was investigated in Beijing Tongren Hospital by 24-hour dietary recall method. The information about the category and quantity of food intake were collected from every participant, then the dietary intake, the percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate and the percentage of protein resource were calculated. Results It was shown that the daily energy intake was appropriate among the surveyed pregnant women, and the energy proportion from three major nutrients were basically reasonable. There was no notable difference in pregnant women with different BMI before pregnancy, in intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. The intake of protein was sufficient, but the proportion from the source of good proteins was inadequate due to insufficient daily intakes of aquatic products, beans and milk products. Cooking oil was excessive in diets, while the intake was insufficient of calcium, iron and zinc. Conclusions The dietary intake can basically meet the physiological needs of late term pregnant women, but the dietary structure is not appropriate. It is necessary to promote nutrition and health education.