中国制造业能源效率的影响因素:经济周期和重化工工业化

Study on Influence Factors of China Manufacturing Energy Efficiency:Business Circle and Heavy Industry

本文分析了2002-2007年中国制造业27个行业的能源效率,研究发现,价格调节能源需求的能力小于收入调节能源需求的能力,以经济快速扩张为特征的经济周期以及其中的重化工工业的快速发展是影响这个时期能源效率下降的重要因素。因此,要提高能源利用效率,需要根据制造业的行业特征,分类管理能源需求。对于低能耗行业,以能源市场价格调节能源需求来提高能源效率,作用较小,这就需要政府制定行业节能标准,鼓励节能设备投资;对于高能耗行业,除继续运用能源市场价格调节能源需求外,还要控制这些行业的发展规模。

This article studies some factors which affect the energy efficiency of 27 manufacturing sectors of China from 2002 to 2007.The result reveals that the efficiency of energy price which adjusts energy demand is lower than that of output of those sectors,and that main influence factors which made the energy efficiency to decrease are the quickly economic expansion and heavy industry expand.Therefore,it is necessary to implement a classified management system of manufacturing energy demand in order to conservation energy.In the system,because energy cost is so small in the total cost in low energy consumption manufacturing branches that energy price fail to encourage the branches to conservation energy,the branches energy-saving standard should be made to improve energy efficiency,as well as energy conservation polices designed to stimulate investment in energy-efficient machinery.Moreover,the system should control the expansion of high energy consumption manufacturing sectors,while market still adjusts the energy demand.