新两田制:为何及如何可能?——基于4个村庄应对金融危机有效性的比较

Reasons and possibility of new two cropland:Based on the efficiency comparison of financial crisis in four villages

金融危机的爆发提供了反观当前农地制度的有益视角。由于地域差异明显,各地农地制度的安排与实践也有明显的区别,因而形成了不同的应对金融危机的实践形态。对比分析这些实践形态可以发现,农地承包关系的灵活抑或刚性、农地产权的集体所有抑或私有并不是一个非此即彼的关系。从公平与效率两者结合的角度出发,构造一种将农村耕地划分为相对刚性的口粮田以保障农户的基本生存和相对灵活的机动田以保障农户的农业生产,并随人口变动而实现农户个体内部的口粮田与机动田自行补充的"新两田制",有利于农村社会和整个国家应对危机,并为其处理危机赢得了相对宽松的时间与空间条件。

The eruption of financial crisis offered an useful perspective for us to reflect recent farmland system. There is much difference on various region＇s farmland system arrangement because of obvious regional difference. Therefore, there are different kinds of practical forms to reply financial crisis. Compared these practical forms, we found whether the farmland contractual relations was elastic or not and whether the farmland property right was collective ownership or private ownership, they were not one or the other relations. For combining the fair and efficiency, We should construct a kind of new two cropland which divided the cultivated land to rigid grain ration land and mobile land. This kind of farmland system is good for rural society and whole state to deal with crisis.