中国乡村社会结构与人际关联的历史嬗变

Evolution of rural social structure and interpersonal association

人际关联是社会结构的基础,社会结构决定着人际关联模式。传统乡村社会的封闭性和内聚性决定了血缘和地缘是人们最为主要的社会关联。近代以降,现代商品经济活动打破了村落的封闭性,国家政权建设破坏了乡村共同体的内聚性,村庄内部不断分化,宗族和村政日益丧失强有力的聚合作用。人民公社时期政社合一体制使农民之间以及农民与组织之间关系具有行政化色彩。改革开放后,乡村受行政权约束减弱,农户之间以"庇护关系和原子化"为基础。未来农村职业分化日趋明显,出现不同的利益阶层,乡村人际关联呈现先赋性与契约性的特征。乡村社会结构的制度建设的路径是加强公权力约束机制和民生保障制度建设。

The interpersonal association is on the basis of social structure that restricts the interpersonal association mode. The blood and region are most major social relationship in a closed village. The village scattered continuously in rural commodity in modem age, the national political power destroyed the grassroots community so that the clan and village regime was lack of cohesion. The peasants were in administrative relationship in the people commune system. Since reform and opening up, ＂Shelter and atom＂ were two main relationships among peasants in a village weakened by administrative constraints, the characteristics of rural association is ascribed and contract. Strengthening peasant＇s livelihood system and public power restriction are one important way to rural harmonious society.