微纳传感技术在组织电生理研究中的进展

Advance of Micro/Nano-Sensing Technology in Study of Tissue Electrophysiology

微纳传感技术在研究组织和细胞的电生理活动、揭示细胞网络属性、研究神经传导及药物安全性测试等方面展现了它独特优势。针对组织电生理检测的多种微纳传感技术及其特点进行了描述与评价,着重对多点实时监测的微阵列传感技术的研究和应用进展进行了详细介绍和讨论。最后结合本实验室的研究工作,介绍了微电极阵列技术在嗅觉组织研究中的进展。在探索细胞的离子通道、突触特性及细胞内信号转导时,玻璃微电极记录特别是膜片钳技术是目前比较理想的手段;在研究信号传导、突触传递时,多电极阵列具有明显的优势。微电极传感阵列技术是未来神经科学研究的主要方法之一,它将在提高信噪比及生物相容性、减少对组织的损伤、扩大应用等方面有新的发展。

The micro/nano-sensing technology shows the unique advantages for measuring elec- trophysiology of the tissues and cells, disclosing the property of nerve networks, studying the nerve conduction, testing the security of medicine, etc. Different micro/nano-sensing technolo- gies of measuring electrophysiology and their characteristics are described and evaluated. Emphatically, the study and application of micro-array sensing techniques in the multi-site testing in real-time are introduced and discussed. Finally, based on our study, the advance of microelectrode array technique to study the olfactory tissues are introduced. The glass microelec- trode recording, especially the patch clamp technique, is the present perfect means for exploring the cellular ion channel, synaptic properties and intercellular signal transduction; however, the multi-electrode array has a distinct advantage for studying the signal conduction and synaptic transfer. The microelectrode sensing array recording is the primary technique for neuroseience study in the future, and will be developed in enhancing the ratio of signal-to-noise and biocompatibility, lessening the damage to tissues and enlarging the applied fields.