方以智易学思想研究

On FANG Yi-zhi's Yi-ology

方以智的博物之学与道德形上学体系,皆托《易》立言。早年,他以"气为真象,事为真数"的象数观,将抽象的象数符号还原为气与人事,并要求以"实证"的方法"核其真",反对将象数神秘化。他并非执着于感性的象数层面,在将"几"的内涵改造成隐晦的、待征乃显的"物理"的基础上,提出了"征天地之几"、"因事见理以征几"的易几观,从而成就了独具特色的博物之学。中晚年,他将"太极"的内涵引申为心与仁,并藉"太极不杂乎阴阳,不离乎阴阳"的太极观,建构了体用圆融的道德形上学体系。

Both FANG Yi-zhi＇s leaning of physics and his metaphysical system are based on the Change. When his was young,departing from his image-numerological view that ＂Qi refers to real image and human affairs correspond to real numbers＂,he reduced the abstract images and numbers to Qi and human affairs,requiring us to ＂verify reality＂ by evidence and opposing to the mystification of images and numbers. He did not stick hardly to the image-numerological level. On the basis that he reformed to connotations of ＂seeds＂ into principles of transparent physical things,he contended to attest to the seeds of heaven and earth and attest to the seeds according to the principles seen in concrete events,hence forming his own unique learning of physics. In his middle and later years,he extended the connotations of Taiji （Grand Ultimate） to heart／mind and benevolence and constructed his metaphysical system of morality by his view that Tai ji on one hand is not mixed in Yin-yang and on the other hand Tai ji is not separable from Yin-yang.