苏联推进马克思主义大众化的经验与教训

The Experience and Lessons from the Promotion of Popular Marxism in the Soviet Union

作为人类历史上第一个社会主义国家,苏联在翻译出版经典著作、设置政治理论课程、编撰教科书、展开学术论战等实践活动中有力地推动了马克思主义大众化进程,积累了十分宝贵的经验,如主导作用和主体作用相结合、外在灌输和内在认同相结合、理论教育和大众宣传相结合、理论创新和实践转化相结合等,但同时也存在着行政干预过强、允许个人崇拜、忽视传统文化、教条主义盛行的教训。借鉴其经验与教训,对于推进中国特色社会主义理论体系的普及大有裨益。

The Soviet Union of Russia,as the 1st socialist nation,boosted the progress of Marxist popularization by translating and publishing classics,setting up political theory courses,and compiling textbooks.The process provided very valuable experiences,that is,the integration of （1） the leading role and the main body role,（2） external teaching and internal recognition,（3） theoretical coaching and public education,（4） theoretical innovation and practical transformation etc.At the same time it also left some lessons to learn,i.e.,the excessive administrative intervention,cult worship,playing down the traditional cultures,and dogmatism,etc.It is significant for us to promote the popularization of the Socialist Theory with Chinese Characteristics by learning from the experiences and lessons.