空间交会轨迹安全特性分析

Characteristic Analysis of Space Rendezvous Trajectory Safety

建立了空间交会轨迹安全性定量评价指标体系,考虑实际交会中的导航和控制误差扰动,利用相对轨迹散布的3σ椭球来定量描述追踪器和目标器之间的轨迹安全性。采用正交试验设计方法分析交会时间、脉冲次数、脉冲间隔等对安全性指标的影响,结果表明机动时间的影响最显著,脉冲数目次之,脉冲间隔变化影响甚微。数值仿真分析了交会初始条件影响,分析表明共面交会-R-bar接近时安全性指标最小。分析了影响因素和初始条件对推进剂消耗的影响,结果表明影响效果与安全性指标相反。这项工作为安全交会轨迹设计指明了方向,为交会轨道的多目标最优设计提供了设计思路。

The trajectory safety characteristic of space rendezvous was studied.First of all,the quantitative performance index of space rendezvous trajectory safety was proposed.The 3σellipsoid of relative position dispersal resulting from the navigation errors and control errors was investigated to describe quantificationally the relative trajectory safety between chaser and target vehicles.And then the orthogonal design of experiment method was adopted to analyze the influence of the transfer time,the number of impulses,and the intervals of impulses on the trajectory safety characteristic.The results show that the transfer time is the most significant among all the factors,the number of impulses is the secondary,and the interval influence is very small.Finally,the influence of initial rendezvous condition was analyzed by numerical simulation,and the results illustrate that-R-bar coplanar rendezvous makes the trajectory safety index the smallest.Furthermore,the influence on fuel consumption was analyzed,and the effect is opposite to that on safety index.The study points out the direction of the design of safe rendezvous trajectory,and provides the way to design the multi-objective optimal rendezvous trajectory.