施肥深度对地膜春小麦干物质积累的影响

Effect of fertilizer application depth on dry matter accumulation in spring wheat mulched with plastic film

通过管栽模拟试验,研究了施肥深度对地膜栽培春小麦干物质的影响,研究结果发现:在地膜春小麦各生育期,深施氮、磷肥其单株干物质均大于表层施氮、磷,且施氮处理大于施磷处理.施肥处理花后干物质积累占籽粒的比例,40～60cm施氮为72.34%,大于20～40cm施氮2.34%,大于0～20cm施氮5.46%;40～60cm施磷为73.12%,大于20～40cm施磷1.84%,大于0～20cm施磷4.49%;且发现深施磷肥对后期小麦的生长与产量的影响大于施氮处理.在成熟期,0～20cm施氮处理籽粒产量为1.54g·株-1,比20～40cm和40～60cm施氮处理分别降低23.00%和17.02%;0～20cm施磷处理籽粒产量为1.43g·株-1,比20～40cm及40～60cm施磷处理分别降低26.67%和23.12%.但在相同施肥深度下,施氮处理籽粒产量大于施磷处理.

Through the simulated experiment of tube cultivation,the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus application depth on dry matter in kernel was discussed.The result showed that both nitrogen and phosphorus application could promote the dry matter in kernel,moreover the nitrogen bad a better effect.The percentage of dry matter in kernel after anthesis was 72.34%at 20～60 nitrogen application,which was 2.34% and 5.46% more than that of 20～40cm and 0～20cm nitrogen applying.Under similar circumstances,the percentage of dry matter in kernel after anthesis at 40～60cm phosphorus application also showed the highest level（73.12%）,which was 1.84% and 4.4% more than that of 20～40cm and 0～20cm phosphorus applying.Applying phosphorus deeper had a longer ferlizer effect on growth and output at mature stage.During the mature period,the output of kernel application nitrogen at 0～20cm is 1.54g per plant,which was 23.00% and 17.02% lower than that of 20～40cm and 40～60cm nitrogen application.At the same time,the output of kernel at 0～20cm phosphorus application was 1.43g per plant,which was 26.67% and 23.12% lower than that of 20～40cm and 40～60cm phosphorus fertilization.At the same depth,the kernel output of nitrogen fertilization was higher than that of phosphorus.