作为地域文学传统的“吴声”论——以徐祯卿为中心兼及钱谦益的诗论

"Wu-Sheng" as the Tradition of Local Literature in the Poetry of Ming Dynasty:With Focus on Xu Zhenqing as well as Wang Shizhen and Qian Qianyi

明中叶始,诗坛上七子复古之齐气和公安竟陵之楚风竞相称霸,使得作为地域特色深厚的地方文学——吴声遭遇空前危机。齐气雄浑博雅,统领诗坛,风靡天下,前、后七子在诗学上努力同化吴声,试图建立大一统的诗学;楚风在以其幽情单绪、独舒性灵的审美特色抗拒齐气独霸之局的同时,也企望影响并改变吴声;而吴声则在齐气与楚风的双重夹击下始终固持自己的江南文化本色,在主流话语外坚守自己的地域传统。吴人徐祯卿融入复古诗学洪流中,成为复古的中坚人物,但并未放弃自己的吴声特色。钱谦益则倾其所力打造吴文化,鼓吹吴文化。在文学传统中,吴声一直作为一种明显的地域创作风格与齐气、楚风并飚诗坛。晚明清初诗史即是齐气、楚风与吴声相互抗争、相互包容的历史。

Since mid-Ming Dynasty ＂Wu-sheng＂,the typical local literature,encountered an unprecedented crisis because of the rising of other two competing local literary schools： Qi-qi and Chu-feng.Qi-qi was featured with sublimity and elegance,dominating the realm of poetry in Ming-Dynasty with Seven-Poets of early and later periods.Wu Zhenqing,one of the early Seven-Poets,and Wang Shi-zhen,one of the later Seven-Poets,joined the mainstream of the realm of poetry,however,did not give up his characteristics of Wu-sheng.Qian Qianyi was devoted to building Wu culture and preaching Wu culture.In the tradition of literature,as a distinct local color Wu-sheng had always been neck and neck in the race of poetry writing.The history of poetry in late Ming and early Qing dynasty is a history of Qi-qi,Chu-feng and Wu-sheng competing and tolerating with one another.