摘要
对氮肥的有效管理是农业可持续发展面临的重大挑战。通过田间小区试验,在山西襄汾研究了不同氮肥用量对夏玉米产量、收益、农学效率及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:在施氮(N)0~350 kg/hm2的范围内,氮肥显著增加了夏玉米生物量、产量和净收益;施用氮肥210 kg/hm2获得了最高产量(9 897 kg/hm2)和最高的净收益(14 970元/hm2),较不施氮肥处理增产1 712 kg/hm2,增产率达20.9%,增收2 132元/hm2,氮肥的农学效率为8.2 kg/kg,同时氮肥利用率可达到38.6%。产量和施氮量的关系、纯收益和施氮量的关系均符合二次函数曲线,求得最高产量施肥量为235 kg/hm2,最佳经济施肥量为194 kg/hm2。这将为山西省南部夏玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据和实践指导。
Effective nitrogen management remains one of the most challenging tasks for sustainable agriculture. This field experiment was conducted in a randomized design with three replicates to study the influence of nitrogen application rate on summer maize yield, net return, and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen application as well as nitrogen use recovery. The results showed that nitrogen application increased significantly biomass, grain yield and net return of summer maize in the range of 0 - 350 kg/hm^2 N applied. The highest yield( 9 897 kg/hm^2)and net return( 14 790 yuan/hm^2)were obtained by the N treatment of 210 kg/hm2(N210). Compared with the treatment of no nitrogen application(No), yield increased by 1 712 kg/hm2 or 20.9% with N agronomic efficiency of 8.2 kg/kg, net return increased by 2 132 yuan/hm2, and nitrogen use recovery was obtained by 38.6% at mean time. The rela-tion of nitrogen application rate and yield, net return was fit by the quadratic function, and the highest rate and optimum rate of nitrogen application were calculated by 235 and 194 kg/hm^2, respectively. This will provide theoretic and practice guide for rational fertilization for summer maize in southern region of Shanxi province.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2010年第11期43-46,80,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B07
2006BAD25B01
2006BAD05B03)
中加合作项目(NMBF-Shanxi-2007)
山西省科技攻关项目(2007031002-10)
关键词
夏玉米
氮肥
产量
净收益
氮肥利用率
Summer maize
Nitrogen fertilizer
Yield
Net return
Nitrogen use recovery