湖南绅士与晚清教育变革

The Gentry of Hunan Province and the Educational Reform in Late Qing Dynasty

清末"新政"直接催生了近代社会职业的多向分化,从而给传统的教育体制提出了严峻的挑战,引发了清末废科兴学现象的出现,促使教育场域由科场场域向学校场域转型。在这场教育转型的过程中,湖南绅士也和全国的绅士一样开始了由旧文化资本的占有者向新文化资本的占有者的转变,主导了清末湖南的教育改革。但是,由于他们对教育改革的心态各异,因而其转变的程度有高有低,使得湖南的教育改革呈现出复古与求新、变形与变体的矛盾冲突。

The new policy practiced in late Qing Dynasty gives rise to the emergence of multiple new occupations in modern Chinese society,which challenges severely the traditional educational system and therefore triggers off a campaign for abandoning the imperial examination system,establishing schools and new learning is advocated.This campaign gives impetus to the transformation of education from the imperial examination system to school learning system.In the process of transformation,the gentry of Hunan,just as those throughout the country,are playing a major role in educational reform and begin to possess new cultural capital.In spite of all these,their different expectations of this reform cause some conflicts both between restoring the old system and carrying out innovation,and between changing the form of education and changing the system of it.