战时农村基层控制的推行及特点——以解放战争时期河北保甲户籍控制为例

Province during the War of Liberation

保甲制度是我国历史上重要的农村基层控制制度,户籍管理是其基本功能。20世纪90年代以来,史学界对中国近现代保甲制度的研究取得了较大进展,但对保甲户籍控制的研究尚待深入。解放战争时期河北省政府在农村基层推行保甲户籍控制,建立以多重、立体监控为特征的保甲户籍控制系统。它具有设计的周密性,实施的强制性、残酷性的特点。河北的保甲户籍控制并没有达到设计者预想的效果。

The Baojia（保甲,neighbourhood administration）system is an important basic level political system of the rural areas in the history of China.Its basic function is residential registration control.Since the 1990s,historians have achieved considerable progress in the study of the Baojia System of China.However,there is still a lack of study concerning residential registration control.This paper investigates into the practice of residential registration control in Hebei Province by the Government of Hebei Province in the rural areas during the War of Liberation.Through site survey and literature review,aspects of the residential registration control system,including the reasons for the implementation of residential registration control,check on household occupant,administration of residential registration,check on residence card,supervisory of residential registration work,and monitor and control of residential registration,are analysed.It is believed that the residential registration control system is characterized by its detailed design,and mandatory and inhuman way of implementation.Besides,from the downward infiltration by governmental decision and power,it can be seen that the residential registration control system could not be able to achieve the desired control effect.