辽宁省大型真菌浸提液及发酵液对线虫的毒力作用

Nematicidal Activity of Extraction and Fermentation Filtrate of Basidiomycetes Collected in Liaoning Province,China

利用从辽宁省采集的206株大型野生真菌的浸提液和部分发酵液,测定其对根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita、胞囊线虫Heterodera glycines、小杆线虫Caenorhabditis sp.和水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoides basseyi的活性。结果表明:有22种真菌对靶标线虫的致死率达70%以上,且同一菌株的浸提液和发酵液对线虫亦有明显的选择毒性作用。有7株菌浸提液对2种以上靶标线虫的致死率超过90%。蛇头菌Mutinus caninus F149浸提液对南方根结线虫毒力最高,致死率达97.74%,对胞囊线虫和水稻干尖线虫的毒力也超过90%,而对小杆线虫毒力仅为24.04%,因其对人毒性大而未获得纯培养。薄蜂窝菌Hexagonia tenuisF128浸提液对大豆胞囊线虫J2毒力最高,致死率达96.55%,但其发酵液毒力下降;浸提液对根结线虫的毒力仅次于F149,对水稻干尖线虫毒力较弱,但发酵液对干尖线虫致死率却提高至91.38%。块鳞青鹅膏Amanita excelsaF155浸提液对根结线虫的致死率达96.67%,但发酵液仅为70.93%。粉迷孔菌Daedalea biennis F139的浸提液对小杆线虫的毒力最强,致死率达90.40%。松生拟层孔菌Fomitopsis pinicola F130的浸提液与裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune F107的浸提液和发酵液及小灰孢Lycoperdon pusillus F102的发酵液对水稻干尖线虫的致死率均超过95%。血红菇Russula sanguinea F204和大红菇R.alutacea F153的浸提液和发酵液对3种植物线虫的致死率均超过85%,而对小杆线虫的毒力较弱。

Nematicidal activity of 206 wild macrofungi strains of Basidiomycetes collected in Liaoning province,China,against Meloidogyne incognita,Heterodera glycines,Caenorhabditis sp.and Aphelenchoides basseyi,was detected by treatment with the fungal extraction and fermentation filtrate.Results indicated that different macrofungi strains exhibited significantly selective toxicity against target nematodes.Twenty-two strains exhibited strong toxicity against nematodes with over 70% of corrected mortality.Mutinus caninus strain F149 had strong virulence to the second juveniles（J2） of M.incognita with the mortality of 97.74%.It also showed high virulence to H.glycines and A.besseyi.However,F149 had weak virulence to Caenorhabditis sp.,and could not be purified due to its toxicity to human health.The extraction of Hexagonia tenuis strain F128 was highly toxic to H.glycines with the mortality of 96.55%,although its fermentation filtrate had low effect on H.glycines.Nonetheless,its extraction and fermentation filtrate had strong toxicity against M.incognita,and its fermentation filtrate enhanced toxicity against A.besseyi.Amanita excelsa strain F155 extraction and fermentation filtrate had strong toxicity against M.incognita and A.besseyi.Daedalea biennis strain F139 had toxicity of 90.40% against Caenorhabditis sp.and A.besseyi.The extraction of Fomitopsis pinicola strain F130 and Schizophyllum commune strain F107,and the fermentation filtrate of Lycoperdon pusillus strain F102 and F107 had toxicity of over 95% against A.besseyi. Russula sanguinea strain F204 and R.alutacea strain F153 were purified and their extraction and fermentation filtrate had strong toxicity to the three plant pathogenic nematodes,but weak to Caenorhabditis sp..