池火环境下液化石油气储罐响应规律及影响因素

A numerical simulation study of thermal response and influencing factors of a LPG tank under a pool fire

有关液化石油气(LPG)储罐火灾爆炸的研究,国内外研究者对池火环境下LPG储罐的热响应规律开展了大量的实验研究和数值模拟工作,但研究结果尚难以给出通用规律。为此,利用FLUENT软件建立了池火灾环境下LPG储罐热响应模型,以英国HSE管理局现场实验的卧式LPG储罐为例进行了三维数值模拟,计算结果与实验实测结果吻合较好。数值模拟结果表明:①池火环境下储罐内介质温度分布总体上呈现上部高下部低的趋势,气相及液相区的温度分层明显;②储罐内介质压力上升速率随着充装率的增大而增大;③LPG储罐失效是由介质温度升高导致的储罐内介质压力升高和气相区壁温升高导致的材料强度下降共同引起的。

Related to the research of LPG storage tank explosive accidents,a large number of experimental studies and numerical simulation models have been made on the thermal response of LPG tanks under the fire environment by many scholars at home and abroad,but from their studies a general rule is still difficult to obtain.Therefore,a model on the thermal response of a LPG storage tank under a pool fire was set up by the use of FLUENT,and three-dimensional numerical stimulation was carried out on a horizontal LPG tank by the UK Health & Safety Executive.The calculated results agree well with the measured results in actual measurements.From the numerical simulation,some conclusion are drawn on the thermal response and influencing factors of a LPG tank under a pool fire:①The LPG temperature is higher on the top and lower in the bottom with an obvious lamination between gas and liquid;②The rising rate of LPG pressure increases with the LPG filling rate;③The failure of a LPG storage tank under a pool fire is controlled by two factors,one is the increasing LPG pressure resulting from its rising temperature,and the other is the weakening of material strength caused by the rising temperature of the tank wall at the gas area within the tank.