与洪泽湖分离的淮河入海水道可行性分析

Constructing Huaihe River channels separated from Hongze Lake flowing into Yellow Sea

现在的洪泽湖和淮河中游河道不断淤高,致使淮河中游洪涝不断。入洪泽湖后淮河水主要流入长江。而苏北北部地区需要水,因入海泥沙数量太少而致海岸侵蚀问题不能根本解决,那里需要淮河的泥沙。为改变这种不合理的格局。在洪泽湖北岸和浅水区开挖与洪泽湖分离的河道,连接完成远期工程的淮河入海水道和拓宽、挖深的淮沭河—北六塘河—新沂河水道,使淮河水沙只经过这两条水道到达黄海,改变淮河水沙不合理的资源分配。新水道路程短,比降大,使洪泽湖和淮河中游河道不再淤高,并将进一步使淮河中游水道刷深,减轻淮河中游洪涝灾害,并为洪泽湖湖底高程降低创造条件。通过分析现在淮河的输沙量、输沙模数,与历史时期和其他流域对比,认为连云港至射阳河口这段海岸将改变为北部稳定,南部缓慢进积,形成新的淮河三角洲,彻底解决苏北海岸侵蚀问题。

The Huaihe River was an independent river directly flowing into the Yellow Sea before 1128.It became a tributary of the Yellow River in 1128～1851.The lower Yellow River channel shifted to north and entered the Bohai Sea in 1855.Actually,the Huaihe River has been a tributary of the Yangtze River since 1851.At present,after going into the Hongze Lake,the Huaihe River water flows into the sea by four routes.By constructing a channel separated from the Hongze Lake along the northern coast of the lake,and deeply excavating the present Huaihe River Channel to Sea and the Huaishu River-Beiliutang River-New Yihe River channels,water would directly flow into the Yellow Sea and no longer to the Yangtze River.An annual 1000×104 t of suspended sediments（increasing by 860×104 t more than present） would deposit on the coast from Lianyungang to the Sheyang River mouth.The coastal erosion from Lianyungang to the Sheyang River mouth would be ended： the northern section would be stable and the southern section would slowly prograde,forming a new Huaihe River delta.Meanwhile,the sediments would not accumulate on the middle Huaihe River channel and Hongze Lake,and would effectively reduce inundation in the middle Huaihe River reaches.