侵权死亡赔偿法律规定的理解与适用

The Understanding and Application of Death Compensation in Tort Law

我国法律关于侵权死亡损害赔偿的名称、性质、范围及标准等规定并不统一,学界观点各异,《侵权责任法》的规定也不具体。侵权死亡损害赔偿范围应当包括直接损失、死亡赔偿金及精神抚慰金三部分;其中直接损失应以实际支出为准;死亡赔偿金以全国职工上年度平均工资为标准计算15年;精神损害赔偿分为定额和弹性两部分,定额部分应当考虑全国平均生活水平确定不超过5万元的数额,弹性部分由法官考虑侵权行为及死者近亲属的具体情形酌定。

Because of the inconsistencies among the existing laws on death compensation in name, essence, scope and criteria, legal scholars have different views on the term. The general provision of ＂The Tort Liability Act of the People’s Republic of China＂ is not precise enough in its items and articles. Death compensation should cover three parts： direct loss, death compensation and solatium for mental injury. We should learn from foreign experience and take the cost of reform into account. Direct loss should be based on actual expenditures. Death compensation should take the national average wage in the previous year as the standard and calculate the amount for 15 years. Solatium for mental injury consists of a fixed part and flexible part. The former should refer to the national average standard of living and be not more than 50 thousand yuan. The judge should consider the tort act and the specific circumstances of the victim’s close relatives to decide the amount of compensation for the flexible part.