欠缺行为能力成年人保护的法律重构

Legal Construction of Incapacitated Adult Protection

本文所述欠缺行为能力成年人的含义与我国民法规定不同,它是指认知和判断能力完全障碍或者有一定的障碍的人,并不以成年精神病人为限。那些除成年精神病人(我国司法解释将其扩展为痴呆病人)外的欠缺意思行为的人,如酗酒成性、吸毒成瘾、不履行任何家庭责任的人,因为其理智判断幼稚,理性程度低下,缺乏控制自己行为能力,社会生活经验很不成熟,对较复杂的行为尚不能预料其应有的后果,不能有效地保护自己和相关家人。因此,法律应给予特别保护。

The incapacitated adult mentioned in this paper has different meanings with those prescribed in China＇s Civil Law.It refers to the complete or partial handicap of cognition and judgment capacity and is not limited to adult mental patient.Apart from adult mental patients which are often referred to as dementia patients in China＇s judicial interpretation,the incapacitated adults include others who have defects in making conscious conducts,such as those who are addicted to liquor or drugs and can fulfill no family responsibilities.Therefore,special legal protection shall be given to the incapacitated adults.This article analyzes the defects of relevant systems in China and puts forward some proposals to protect the incapacitated adults.