论抵御’98洪水与洪水风险管理

A View from '98 Flood: from Flood Control to Disaster Risk Management

1998年长江流域发生了自1954年以来又一次全流域性大洪水，嫩江和松花江流域也发生了超历史记录的特大洪水．从抵御’98洪水中得出，必须改变单纯的抵御洪水的观念，要对洪水实行全过程风险管理．进行洪水风险管理，最主要的是制定针对洪水灾害的政策．并进一步分析了蓄滞洪区的管理，应加强以下几方面的建设：（1）控制和减少人口；（2）加强安全设施建设；（3）绘制洪水风险留，建立和完善避难的预报和预警系统；（4）建设分蓄洪控制工程；（5）严格土地利用规划及管理，调整产业结构；（6）实行洪水保险制度．

The Yangtze River great flood of 1998 was truly the greatest flood disaster since 1954, while Nejiang River and Songhua River flood as the greatest one in history- From '98 flood, we found again that we should change our concern from flood control only to flood disaster risk management- It is very important to es-tablish a good policy system in flood risk management. Taking the management of flood detention area as an example, the main tasks are: (1) population control; (2) safety measures; (3) hazard map; (4) flood control works; (5) land use planning; (6) flood disaster insurance.