中国古代戏曲家的文学价值观

Literary Values of Dramatists in Ancient China

中国古代戏曲的诗乐教化倾向的产生与发展的原因众多,其主要原因则是中国古代戏剧家的艺术价值观。对中国古代戏曲家艺术价值观的产生影响的重大因素有三个方面:一是古代戏曲家的特殊的社会地位所形成的双重人格;二是中国古代戏曲家所接受的儒家传统文化观;三是中国古代戏曲观众(既包括下层民众也包括统治阶级上层贵族)对戏曲的矛盾需求。这三个方面的作用虽然复杂,却可以用一个原则将之统一。这个原则就是《毛诗序》中提出的"风化"和"风刺"。这二者的结合,形成中国古代戏曲矛盾、复杂的思想倾向。

There are many reasons for the birth and development of poetry and music education tendency of ancient Chinese dramas,but the major one is the literary values of the dramatists.Factors that contribute to the formation of literary values of the dramatists are as following： the dual personality formed by their special social position;the Confucian cultural outlook they had received;and the contrary demand of the audience（including both civilians at low levels and noble members of the ruling class）.Though the functions of there factors are complicated,they can be unified in one principle which is the morals and manners and satire proposed in Preface to the Mao Edition of the Book of Songs（毛诗序）.They consist of the contrary and complicated tendency of ancient Chinese dramas.